"First "

* The first search engine originally name was "archives," but it was shortened to Archie.It was created in 1990 by Alan Emtage

* The first widely-used web browser was Mosaic by Marc Andersen and Eric Bina at the NCSA at the University of Illinois. The first version was written for X-Windows on Unix, and it was later ported to other operating systems.It was developed in the year of 1993. Another web browser Netscape Navigator, in 1994.

• Internet Explorer,    - 1995
• Opera,                  -  1996
  
• Mozilla Navigator,  - 2002
• Safari,                   - 2003
• Mozilla Firefox,     - 2004
• Google Chrome,   - 2008

*The first Operating System was officially introduced DOS later named PC-DOS by IBM. ‘produced’ by Microsoft in 1986

*The first email was  ARPANET email in the year of 1971.(gmail -  2004)

Inventors

1.Bluetooth - Bluetooth was developed in 1994 by Sven Mattisson and Jaap Haartsen

2.Pen Drive or USB flash drive - USB flash drives were invented by Amir Ban, Dov Moran and Oron Ogdan in 1999. But Trek Technology and IBM began selling the first USB flash drives commercially in 2000.  

3.Memory card or chip - Memory card was invented by Roland Moreno in 1982  But Flash Memory card or Flash Drive (both NOR and NAND types) was invented by Dr. Fujio Masuoka while working for Toshiba circa in 1980.

4.Computer Mouse - Computer Mouse invented by Douglas Engelbert in 1968.

5.Computer Keyboard - Christopher Latham Sholes invented the "QWERTY" typewriter keyboard layout in 1873.

6.Computer Monitor- Computer Monitor was invented by Allen B. DuMont in the year 1920.

7.Hard Disk- Reynold B. Johnson  was an American inventor and computer pioneer. A long-time employee of IBM, Johnson is said to be the "father" of the disk drive. In the year of invention 1954.(1952-1954)

8.Motherboard - Motherboard was invented by  Joel Jolly in the year of 1976

 

9.Compact Disc - Compact disc was invented by James Russell in the year of 1965.

 

10.Computer Printer - In 1953, the first high-speed printer was developed by Remington-Rand for use on the Univac computer.   In 1938, Chester Carlson invented a dry printing process called electrophotography commonly called a Xerox, the foundation technology for laser printers to come.

DivX

                        

               DivX is a brand name of products created by DivX, Inc.  including the DivX Codec which became popular due to its ability to compress lengthy video segments into small sizes while maintaining relatively high visual quality.

There are two DivX codecs; the regular MPEG-4 Part 2 DivX codec and the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC DivX Plus HD codec. It is one of several codecs commonly associated with "ripping", whereby audio and video multimedia are transferred to a hard disk and trans coded.

DivX Media Format (DMF)

              DivX 6 expanded the scope of DivX from including just a codec and a player by adding an optional media container format called "DivX Media Format"  that includes support for the following DVD-Video and VOB container like features. This media container format is used for the MPEG-4 Part 2 codec.

• DivX Media Format (DMF) features:
  • Interactive video menus
  • Multiple subtitles (XSUB)
  • Multiple audio tracks
  • Multiple video streams (for special features like bonus/extra content, just like on DVD-Video movies)
  • Chapter points
  • Other metadata (XTAG)
  • Multiple format
  • Partial backwards compatibility with AVI

DVD

 DVD-Digital Versatile Disc

                     DVD is an optical disc storage format, invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than Compact Discs while having the same dimensions.


DVD Formats :

There are several recordable DVD formats.

• DVD-R (often pronounced DVD-minus-R or DVD-dash-R) is a 4.7 gigabyte single-layer DVD that can be recorded to once. It cannot be written to in a DVD+R drive, although a DVD+R drive may or may not be able to play it back. Consumer DVD players will play these discs.
  
• DVD-RW is a rewritable version of DVD-R, and has the same size and restrictions on use.
• DVD-RAM is a special DVD format intended for computer use only. It uses a disc inside a special cartridge, and cannot be read or written in any other type of drive.
• DVD+R (often pronounced DVD-plus-R) is a one-time recordable format like DVD-R which uses a slightly different recording technology. You can't write a DVD+R disc in a DVD-R drive, but you can usually read or play a disc of either format in a player of the other format, and also in consumer DVD players.
• DVD+RW, despite the name, is more closely related in terms of technology to DVD-RW than DVD+R. It's an erasable, rewritable format.
• DVD+R DL is a dual-layer version of DVD+r and can hold roughly twice as much data (almost 9 gigabytes.)

Blu-ray Disc/HD DVD

               In 2006, two new formats called HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc were released as the successor to DVD. HD DVD competed unsuccessfully with Blu-ray Disc in the format war of 2006–2008. A dual layer HD DVD can store up to 30GB and a dual layer Blu-ray disc can hold up to 50GB

Compact Disc (CD)

                          
               In 2002 the American Computer Museum honored James Russell as the inventor of the digital compact disc; Russell actually holds twenty-two patents on the compact disc he invented in 1965. In 1979 Phillips and Sony collaborated developing the digital audio disc and by 1982 the first CD recording, "The Visitors" by ABBA, was recorded. All compact discs store the data in pits on a thin film of aluminum over a plastic disc that is 1.2 mm thick. There are several different kinds of compact discs, but they all do the same thing: store digital information.

Types of Compact Discs

1. CD ROM

   • The term ROM means "read only memory" and describes all prerecorded CD's that contain music. A recording of the music is burned into the CD by the vendor and cannot be erased or changed. CD ROM recordings can be played on any standard CD player, and contain 650 megabytes of storage, about the amount contained in 700 floppy disks.
     

   Mini-CD

   • The Mini CD is only 80 mm, or about three inches, wide and holds a maximum of 24 minutes of music or 210 megabytes of data. Mini CD's are compatible with most CD players. The depression that a normal size CD fits into also has a smaller well in the middle of it that will hold a Mini CD. The most common use for the mini format is for single song recordings, but they are also used by businesses for advertising purposes.
     
   
   
   • The "R" in CD-R stands for recordable. The CD-R allows the user to record data or music only once. Some CD-R's hold as much as 80 minutes of music, but 74 minutes is the usual amount of music storage available. CD-R can be used to store a wide variety of digital data in much the same way that data was stored on a floppy disk. The data does not become a permanent part of the disc until it is burned in by a CD burner, which is included in most computers.
     

   CD+R

   • Although the "R" in CD+R stands for recordable, a CD+R disc is not compatible with a CD-R. The +R format was developed by a group of companies to increase the amount of storage available on a compact disc. The double layer technology in a CD+R allows for almost twice as much storage space as a standard CD-R.
     

   CD-RW

   • The CD-RW can be used as a normal CD-R, but it can also be erased and re-used. A CD burner will use its highest laser power to melt the recording layer to record data onto a CD. The CD-RW burner uses its medium level of laser power to melt the data layer so new data can be added to the disk. To read a CD, a CD player uses the lowest amount of laser power and will not change the recorded layer.
     

Bits And Bytes Conversion Tables

Unit	Equals
1 Bit	Binary Digit
8 Bits	1 Byte
1024 Bytes	1 Kilobyte
1024 Kilobytes	1 Megabyte
1024 Megabytes	1 Gigabyte
1024 Gigabytes	1 Terabyte
1024 Terabytes	1 Petabyte
1024 Petabytes	1 Exabyte -
1024 Exabytes	1 Zettabyte
1024 Zettabytes	1 Yottabyte
1024 Yottabytes	1 Brontobyte

Largest Website

                                     The largest would be the National Climatic Data Center (NOAA) with over 400,000 GB. At number two is NASA EOSDIS with over 300,000 GB of data. The National Oceanographic (combined with Geophysical) Data Center (NOAA) is number three with almost 35,000 GB.

The Size of Google

                          How big is Google? As of September 30, 2009, the total number of employees working at the company was 19,786. The total revenue posted by the firm increased in 2008 amounting to $21.796 billion. On the other hand, the company’s operating income is $6.632 billion. The net income posted by the company is $4.227 billion. The total asset of the firm is $31.768 while the total equity is $28.239.

First computer name

                            The first ELECTRONIC computer - Colossus was the first electronic computer developed by the British to crack the LORENZ codes used by the German high command.

The existence of Colossus remained a secret long after WWII. Until recently ENIAC was thought to be the first, but the secrecy of H.A.L. was finally lifted and we find it (and 9 others) were first operational in Jan 1944 while various portions of ENIAC were made operational in the period of June 1944 through October 1945. The First Computer Used In Vacuam Tubes



 

Short history of first computer

 Short history of first computer

                               One of the earliest machines designed to assist people in calculations was the abacus which is still being used some 5000 years after its invention.

In 1642 Blaise Pascal (a famous French mathematician) invented an adding machine based on mechanical gears in which numbers were represented by the cogs on the wheels.

Englishman, Charles Babbage, invented in the 1830's a "Difference Engine" made out of brass and pewter rods and gears, and also designed a further device which he called an "Analytical Engine". His design contained the five key characteristics of modern computers:-

1. An input device
2. Storage for numbers waiting to be processed
3. A processor or number calculator
4. A unit to control the task and the sequence of its calculations
5. An output device

Augusta Ada Byron (later Countess of Lovelace) was an associate of Babbage who has become known as the first computer programmer.